Plastic surgery should be divided into daily people's actions and medical plastic surgery. Its purpose can be divided into medical treatment, functional recovery, both beauty ingredients and simple beauty needs; According to the parts, there are male and female concealed, intimate parts and exposed parts; According to the operation, there are differences in scope, complexity and time; There are also differences between self-treatment and hiring professionals for long-term service (in ancient times and before and after liberation, it was common for people who combed their hair to come to the door regularly every day).

"Plastic surgery" simply means correcting defects and improving appearance and body shape through surgical or non-surgical paid treatments, dressing, etc. "Plastic surgery" has the potential to cause trauma, but it must be accompanied by risks and must be evaluated by a professional doctor.

In principle, cosmetic surgery should be divided into deformity repair surgery and plastic and aesthetic surgery, and regional repair surgery is more about surgical repair of congenital or acquired deformities and/or defects, such as congenital cleft lip and palate, which requires acquired plastic surgery improvement. But now the more popular plastic surgery is plastic surgery, that is, the use of medical means to improve appearance and body.

Common plastic and cosmetic surgeries, including double eyelid surgery, rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, liposuction, wrinkle removal, etc., do not belong to the field of obstetrics and gynecology diagnosis and treatment. Women's "plastic surgery" is mostly not within the scope of routine diagnosis and treatment in obstetrics and gynecology. Although plastic surgery (such as lipofilling, filler injections) can improve appearance and boost self-confidence, it also carries certain risks. Cosmetic surgery may cause some surgical complications (infection, bleeding, hematoma, nerve damage, etc.), adverse reactions (postoperative pain and swelling), and sequelae (sequelae of itchy skin, scarring or deformation), etc.

1. Congenital malformations (such as cleft lip and palate). Recently, the news that Beijing Yanran Angel Children's Hospital, founded by artist Li Yapeng, has fallen into an operational crisis has been on the "hot search", which has also made the special group of cleft lip and palate enter our field of vision again. We look forward to more understanding and support from the society, so that they can study, work, and live in an equal and warm environment, and better integrate into society.

2. Scars and deformities left after trauma. Accident bursts and disease factors may cause damage to the face, body, and limbs, leaving scars and deformities.

3. Repair after tumor resection. For some tumors such as skin cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, vulvar cancer, etc., cosmetic surgery is required to help restore the patient's appearance and function.

Some people may choose to undergo cosmetic surgery because of their own appearance needs. However, cosmetic surgery is not for everyone, and in general, patients may be refused cosmetic surgery by their doctors. For example, patients with some health problems, psychological problems, or medical aesthetics or scarring constitution under the legal age. First of all, it is necessary to put the individual's own needs first, choose medical aesthetic projects for problems that affect their daily life, and determine the appropriate time based on their physical condition.

Although there is no absolute age limit for medical aesthetic projects, their applicability mainly depends on the principle of the project and the physiological characteristics of different stages of the human body, so there are corresponding applicable age ranges:

18-22 years old is suitable for acne removal, double eyelids, surgical rhinoplasty, etc.;

25-30 years old is suitable for freckle removal, water light injections, face slimming, etc.;

35-45 years old is suitable for anti-aging, facial filling, thread lifting, etc.;

Suitable for those over 45 years old for comprehensive facial rejuvenation projects.

It is not recommended for minors to undergo medical aesthetics, because the development of young people's organs has not yet been completed, and medical aesthetic surgery at this time will bring additional burden to the body and may affect the normal development and health of the body. At the same time, young people's psychological tolerance is relatively low, and they may make irrational decisions because of impulsiveness.

Cosmetic surgery is an important decision that requires consideration of long-term implications and risks, but people's motivations and conditions vary. With the change of concepts and the improvement of economic conditions, it has become a choice for many people, especially in the fields of literature and art, workplace and other fields; some people (such as Thai ladyboys) see it as a way to make a living and support their families; According to previous reports, there are more than ten full-body plastic surgeries for women in Beijing. There are also cases of saving money and even borrowing money for plastic surgery. Special categories such as sex reassignment surgery need to be explored separately.

As early as the Yin and Shang dynasties in China, there were words such as "bath" and "bath" in the oracle bone inscriptions, and people would also apply the juice of red and blue flowers to the face for decoration, which later developed into rouge. It shows that as early as 3,000 years ago, people had the concept of skin cleaning, beauty and skin care; in the Warring States Period, people used powder to paint their faces and painted eyebrows with dai; The Tang Dynasty's "Secret Essentials of Foreign Affairs" recorded more than 300 kinds of beauty prescriptions, which changed the previous precedent of using heavy metals such as lead and mercury in beauty formulas, and used herbal ingredients to make face creams, face fats, black hair formulas, etc.

As early as before, before getting married, women used two thin threads to "open their faces" (remove hair), moistened their lips with red paper (there are lipsticks in modern times), wore earrings, etc., and also sprayed spices, plug ornaments, gold and silver, etc., all of which were decorated for "plastic surgery". To this day, it is even more exquisite.

The Song Dynasty's "Taiping Shenghui Fang" has more than 980 prescriptions for beauty, and plastic surgery has gradually taken shape nearly 200 years ago.

During the war, due to the need to treat the wounded, China's plastic surgery technology developed rapidly, and surgical projects focused on burn repair, severed limb replantation and other fields.

After the reform and opening up, the field of medical beauty is again dominated by the demand for beauty, and medical beauty has gradually entered the lives of ordinary people.

The same is true abroad. In medieval Europe, syphilis was prevalent, male and female hair loss, eyebrow loss, scalp ulceration, rotten nose, perforation, foul odor, etc., the prevalence of wigs for men and women, the prosperity of craftsmen making false noses, and the development of perfume business. In 1835, American missionaries performed China's first entropion correction at the Guangzhou Ophthalmology Bureau.

There are those who are truly "stabbed" due to congenital and acquired factors (disease, drugs, mental, physiological, psychological, environmental, correction and striving for conception, affecting sexual affairs, etc.).

For example, plastic surgery related to the male genitalia includes: dealing with excessive foreskin or phimosis; Adjust the shape of penis lengthening and thickening; Perform surgery to correct erectile dysfunction; and scrotal plasty to improve scrotal laxity and sagging.

Items related to women's intimate areas include: hair removal for specific occupations (e.g., ballet, gymnastics, swimming) or bikini areas for aesthetic needs; labiaplasty to improve appearance and scar revision to treat childbirth scars; vaginal tightening and pelvic floor repair to solve postpartum problems; and vaginal lengthening to enhance sexual function, G-spot injections, etc. In addition, there is hymen repair due to sociocultural factors. As awareness opens up, more and more people are receiving such treatments or using related products to improve sexual function.

Therefore, intimate plastic surgery has gradually developed from the plastic surgery techniques in burn surgery and other subdisciplines to more professional plastic surgery projects in andrology, urology, and obstetrics and gynecology. Nowadays, the department of medical aesthetics, aesthetic plastic surgery and intimate plastic surgery have all become independent departments, each with its own characteristics.

At home and abroad, intimate plastic surgery, which combines plastic surgery and medical aesthetic technology, has been widely carried out in public and private hospitals, and has further developed professional academic institutions, with increasingly refined divisions to meet the specific needs of some people in society.

Generally, when schools or parents educate young children on the difference between men and women and privacy protection, they usually list women's breasts, pubic areas and male genitals as "private places", which cannot be exposed or touched by others. It is not surprising that the current society is open, with open backs, legs, navels, and bellies; It is also common to wear thongs, camisoles, and low-cut clothing without underwear, and the scope of exposure is gradually expanding. Feminism is particularly bold and changing.

According to the interpretation of the word "private" in many dictionaries such as "Cihai" and "Chinese Cihai", its meaning includes: secret and not public; ambiguous and illegal, so it needs to be kept secret and not publicized; Refers to hidden things, things or places; It also refers to hiding something or a place that is not known. "Privacy" refers to things that are unwilling to be disclosed or disclosed, often hidden and not revealed, and also contain unspeakable concealments, inconvenient to say names or specific situations due to scruples, referring to those content that is unwilling to explain but true and appropriate, or the real situation that is in line with the facts.

It can be seen that the emergence of the name "private plastic surgery for men and women" is in line with many meanings defined by the word "private" in the dictionary for thousands of years. However, gradual opening up is in stark contrast to the requirements of women in ancient times such as "staying at home", "smiling without showing their teeth", "standing without showing their feet", and "not shaking their skirts at every turn".

With the development of women's "intimate parts" plastic surgery and the emergence of related business opportunities, new terms such as "second face" and "secret garden" have also circulated. This is essentially an exaggerated hype and inappropriate metaphor in the commercial promotion of "intimate surgery". Although the vulva and vagina are closely related to sexual activity and may affect each other, it is more appropriate to use medical terms to describe them accurately and appropriately. After all, this part is hidden and private, and even if it is expressed in popular language, the feelings of others (her) should be respected.

Does intimate plastic surgery affect sex life? Intimate plastic surgery usually refers to surgical treatment to improve the appearance and comfort of the external genitalia. With the improvement of people's requirements for personal quality of life and appearance image, the beautification of impressions is not limited to appearance, many people have begun to seek intimate beautification to improve their happiness, but they are worried that this surgery will affect their sex life in the future. The long-term goal of intimate plastic surgery is to improve and enhance sexual life, which has a certain impact on sexual life in the short term depending on the surgical method.

Factors affecting sex life:

1. Physiological factors (including health in the sexual area and sex hormone levels)

For women, changes in hormone levels can lead to instability in the menstrual cycle and fluctuations in heart rate. Sexual organ health problems, such as vaginal dryness, pain, or bleeding after sex, can affect the quality of your sex life. For men, problems with erectile function or ejaculation can also lead to problems with sex life.

2. Psychological factors

For example, emotional problems, stress, anxiety, etc. may reduce libido, leading to sexual disorders, etc.

3. Environmental factors

An individual's living environment, such as excessive noise, lack of privacy, uncomfortable temperatures, and lighting conditions, can affect sex life.

Skin care: In the early days, there were deeds of applying face fat containing vitamin C in the morning and applying face fat containing vitamin A in the evening to enlarge the breasts.

Labia minora hypertrophy correction: Medically speaking, the main function of the labia minora is to cover and protect the urethral opening and vaginal opening on the inside of the labia minora to prevent the invasion of pathogens such as bacteria, and on the outside of the labia minora, it is like the apple muscle of the face, which is a thick fat pad, which protects the labia minora and the inner urethral opening and vaginal opening at the same time, and can also protect its deep Bartholin's glands. In addition, it can also play a buffer role during sex, and there will also be congestion and swelling when sexually aroused, which is conducive to improving the quality of sexual life. Under normal circumstances, the width of the labia minora is not too large, does not sag, does not feel heavy, and does not expose the outside of the labia majora. Most women will have a labia minora that resembles a butterfly wing, fan, diamond or willow leaf. For obvious hypertrophy, it will be divided into upper convex, middle convex, etc. according to the position of the outward bulge. For asymmetry on both sides, according to the size of the form, it can be divided into master-slave type, brother and sister type, etc. The above are more typical forms of labia minora, but women's labia minora forms are varied, not completely limited to the above types, in principle, as long as it does not affect the normal life of the individual and the normal life of husband and wife, girls should not worry too much. Once the labia minora is too thick or has too many folds, it is easy to hide dirt and dirt, causing a variety of common gynecological problems, such as vaginitis, urinary tract infections, etc. At the same time, the labia minora are too hypertrophied and not treated in time, and the labia minora are continuously exposed to the labia majora, and will be stimulated by repeated friction, which further enlarges the labia minora, resulting in a more serious problem.

Abdominoplasty: It is to improve the appearance of the abdominal wall contour by removing excess skin and adipose tissue on the abdominal wall, strengthening the relaxed fascial myofascial system, and tightening the diastasis rectus abdominis caused by factors such as pregnancy, to improve the appearance of the abdominal wall contour, remove the skin and subcutaneous tissue accumulated in the lower abdomen, and remove the skin above the pubic symphysis, and at the same time reshape it.

Buttock plastic surgery: refers to the changes in the buttocks of some women after childbirth, which is manifested as sagging and sagging buttocks, which is difficult to recover by postpartum exercise. Another type of autologous fat buttock augmentation surgery is that some women fill their own fat because they feel that their buttocks are small, which affects their curvaceous beauty.

Vaginal laxity: Does vaginal laxity enlarge the vagina? Not really. Whether a woman's vagina is relaxed mainly depends on whether the muscle structure that supports it is strong enough, which is the pelvic floor muscle. The pelvic floor muscles are like a hammock, holding the urethra, bladder, vagina, uterus, rectum and other organs tightly to ensure that they can be in a normal position. If there is vaginal laxity due to childbirth, aging, etc., the treatment of pelvic floor muscles is the key, you can do Kegel exercises, or go to the hospital for pelvic floor muscle treatment to improve the strength of the pelvic floor muscles The support capacity of the pelvic floor muscles is strong, and the vagina can become tight.

Vaginal tightening: In the past, in the post-80s group, there was only one child in a family, and the child was born relatively early, and there were not many cases of vaginal laxity at that time. However, with the emergence of second- and third-child families, many will increase the frequency of vaginal birth in a short period of time, and some problems of vaginal laxity, including pelvic floor muscles, will become more and more prominent. Vaginal laxity may be accompanied by urine leakage, sexual disharmony, etc., and now women's self-awareness awakens and will find a doctor to solve this problem. Therefore, in the field of intimate plastic surgery, the most common is plastic surgery of the labia minora (including vaginal laxity) and the improvement of the pelvic floor muscles.

A comprehensive physical examination is required before surgery, and the doctor evaluates the patient's surgical indications, understands the risks and precautions related to surgery, and is evidence-based and voluntary not harmful or beneficial, that is, fair ethics and standards. And be fully mentally prepared. After surgery, pay attention to rest, avoid strenuous exercise and fatigue, and pay attention to personal hygiene and diet to avoid complications such as infection and bleeding. Sex will affect sex life in the short term after surgery, and you can usually have sex for at least two months. If you have sex without full recovery, the wound is likely to rupture or become infected due to the effects of sex, and it can also affect the recovery and healing of the wound, causing scarring of the wound. And before the wound fully recovers, sex can easily cause significant pain and not have a good sexual experience.

Anesthesia and surgery inevitably involve "needle injection and knife and gun", which may cause scars after surgery, and even cause sequelae and plastic surgery failure, and some are more serious, and may also cause death. Know and weigh the pros and cons.

Medical plastic surgery, medical aesthetic surgery, and intimate surgery for men and women have strict indications. Compared with body aesthetics, workplace needs, personal pursuits, impulses, forced by others, etc., the appearance, function, and sexual function affected by trauma caused by war, industry and agriculture, congenital deformities, acquired accidents, diseases, etc. are the primary considerations and adaptations. Others are determined by the individual.

Therefore, medical cosmetic surgery, intimate plastic surgery and other fields have gradually differentiated from the surgical system. At the same time, the original surgical projects of various related subdisciplines are still being carried out, some tend to be centralized and integrated, and some have developed into characteristic specialties, thus providing richer and more targeted choices for people in need.